Maslows Heiharchy of Needs in Ordinary People Essay

Knowing someone that has died is extremely hard. It’s even worse when that person is in your family. When someone dies, the family is obviously going to grieve. While they are grieving together, they don’t grieve the same way, at the same time. For example, when my grandpa died in 2009, my grandma was in denial and carried on regular life for a day or two. She even did the laundry and ironed his clothes. When my mom found out about her dad, she went into depression. After a little bit, my mom got really angry and upset while my grandma went into depression for about two years. They were grieving together, but at different rates through different phases. They have both accepted the fact that he’s gone but that one day they will see him again, so there’s no need to be upset. In Ordinary People, Conrad, Calvin, and Beth also have to grieve. Throughout this grieving process, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs comes into play. Every person in the story is trying to reach for self-actualization. For example, Calvin’s need of esteem showed when he and Beth were getting ready for the day at the beginning of the book. He was thinking about how he was orphaned at age 11, and thinking about all of the roles he plays as an adult. â€Å"Calvin Jarret, forty-one, U.S. Citizen, tax attorney, husband, father.† (Guest, 7). He also showed his need of esteem when he thought specifically about fatherhood and why he messed up with Conrad by not listening to him enough. â€Å"Responsibility. That is fatherhood. You cannot afford to miss any signs, because that is how it happens: somebody holding too much inside, somebody else missing signs.† (Guest, 9)

Does Inequality in School System Funding Contribute to the Cycle of Poverty

In Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol describes the conditions of several of America's public schools. Between 1988 and 1990, Kozol visited schools in approximately 30 neighborhoods and found that there was a wide disparity in the conditions between the schools in the poorest inner-city communities and schools in the wealthier suburban communities. How can there be such huge differences within the public school system of a country which claims to provide equal opportunity for all?It becomes obvious to Kozol that many poor children begin their young lives with an education that is far inferior to that of the children who grow up in wealthier communities. They are not given an equal opportunity from the start. He writes, â€Å"Denial of ‘the means of competition' is perhaps the single most consistent outcome of the education offered to poor children in the schools of our large cities . . . † (p. 83). Although all children are required to attend school until age 16, there are major differences in schools and they appear to be drawn along lines of race and social class.Kozol examines how the unequal funding of schools relates to social class divisions, institutional and environmental racism, isolation and alienation of students and staff within poor schools, the physical decay of buildings, and the health conditions of students. All of these contribute to a psychological disarray of the young people who recognize that the ruling class views them as expendable and not worth investing its money or resources. Kozol's focus of this book is to examine urban school districts, which are severely segregated by race and class.They are overwhelmingly nonwhite and very poor, which contrasts sharply with the wealthy overwhelmingly white suburban schools right next to them (p. 74). He limits his selections to poor inner-city schools rather than include examples of all poor schools because he feels that they best exhibit racial segregation and social class division s. He notes that even when schools have a â€Å"diverse† student population, segregation occurs within the school through special education programs or vocational tracking.Although Kozol does not directly address it, the center of the problems that affect these schools is a capitalist system that requires the reproduction of the divisions of labor (Bowles). Schools provide the training to meet this requirement through the tracking of students into the roles that they will fulfill in our economic system. The ruling class attempts to make sure that there are an appropriate number of people to fit these jobs. Capitalists (i. e. business owners) not only want an obedient workforce, but a surplus of workers at each level so that they can pay the lowest wage possible (Spring, p. 24). They will seek out and encourage programs that train people for such jobs. Who should be assigned each role? Kozol does point out that wealthy white people want to make sure their children get the â₠¬Å"good† jobs and live in the â€Å"good† (less polluted) areas. They benefit from the divisions of labor and will use their influence to maintain government policies that ensure their positions.When Kozol discussed funding inequities among school districts with a group of affluent students in Rye, New York, one student exhibited these beliefs when she said she had no reason to care about fixing the problems of school funding because she failed to see how it could benefit her (p. 126). She indeed recognized how the class divisions were to her advantage. Why would she want to change that? The policies that the ruling class creates to maintain their place on the social class ladder inherently lead to the continuation of the cycle of poverty, social class divisions, and environmental and institutional racism.Kozol provides examples of this, which range from the location of nonwhite, poor people on and near toxic waste sites (p. 8-12), to blaming problems of the inner city on the people within that system (they are unable to govern themselves, their children aren't worth the money it takes to educate them) (p. 9, 26, 75-76, 192-193), to the funding formula that allocates funds to public schools (54-56, 202, and throughout). It is this unequal funding of public schools that is Kozol's main emphasis in  Savage Inequalities.Funding based upon property taxes and property values discriminates against lower social classes, and this unequal funding leads to inferior schools and creates a wide disparity between schools in the poorest and wealthiest communities. Isolation of students, staff, and the community is a direct result of the inequities in funding. People who have poor schooling are funneled into jobs which are poorly paid and so the people not only have less knowledge, but have less money and influence with which to change the system (p. 7). Because they don't know how, nor have the tools necessary to break the cycle of poverty, they continue to re produce the class divisions and schooling that supports it. This in turn allows their children to be continually tracked and fed into the lower skilled jobs and schooling, which is a necessary component of the capitalist system. Kozol vividly illustrates the deplorable conditions of the poorest schools. In contrast, he provides colorful descriptions of the wealthiest suburban schools that neighbor them.He effectively demonstrates the racist conditions and social class discrimination that lead to the variations within the public school system as well as discusses the funding formula for America's public schools. His writing is exaggerated, I am sure, in order to make his point. He had an abundance of information and had to be selective (as anyone would) and when choosing what to include, he used the extreme examples to make his points clear. He may not have included schools because they did not exemplify his point, which is that there is a huge discrepancy in the quality of public sc hools depending on where one lives.Yet it still seems that he could have included more. What Kozol should have included was more information on his â€Å"research† methods. Perhaps this could be added as an appendix. How many schools did he visit in all? How many were elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools? How would he classify the schools he did visit? How many of the total would he say were very wealthy, awful, or a varying degree in between? Kozol provides descriptions of the worst of the worst, but his research only extends to a limited number of urban schools.He asks if what he sees is atypical of inner city schools (p. 36). Has he visited enough schools to determine that? It is true that there are those schools out there and they should not be like that, but do they represent the majority of urban schools across the country? He is selective in choosing and describing the worst of the schools located in the inner city, yet he leaves out any mention of the relative conditions of the other schools in the city. He also fails to include any examples of conditions of poor white suburban and rural schools and schools not at the middle class level.Perhaps Kozol could also include more on his views as to what the â€Å"minimal† requirements for a good school should be. What should all public schools have? He says that there should be more poor schools that resemble the better schools. Are the wealthy suburban schools examples of the minimum that â€Å"public schooling† should offer? Or shall they have somewhat less (not necessarily California) while poorer schools get a lot more? Are there minimum educational experiences that all students could expect in any public school?If parents wanted more than was provided by the public schools, they could demand more (for all) or they could provide tutoring or a private education for their children. Kozol suggests equalized funding as a solution to the lack of quality in urban schools. F unding alone will not solve the schools. There needs to be changes in the greater society that would have to occur simultaneously for real improvements to occur. Besides, equal funding does not mean equal schools. Would policy makers really want equal funding?If politicians really valued public education and believed in doing what would provide equal funding for ALL, plenty of money would â€Å"become available. †Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps my greatest problems with  Savage Inequalities are that Kozol does not deeply examine why things got the way they have as they relate to the purposes of schooling as described by Joel Spring (p. 18-26), and Kozol is all talk, no action. While he was visiting these schools, did he attempt to organize the schools, teachers, parents, and students? He observed the schools and was able to highlight the inequities present, but did he do anything?He had an ideal opportunity to initiate some organizing of those involved, yet the book does not suggest that he did much more than visit the schools and report back what he saw, heard, and felt. Since only part of the problem, albeit a large part, is how the schools are funded, one would need to look beyond the education system to find a solution which would really rectify the problems Kozol describes. Schools cannot truly be reformed without â€Å"reforming† the societal conditions that surround the schools.The schools are the way they are for a purpose–to reproduce the social divisions of labor (Bowles) and to maintain the capitalist economy of our country. When discussing how to solve problems of unequal funding, Jezebel, an eleventh grade student at Woodrow Wilson School in Camden, New Jersey addresses segregation and says that even if funding were the same, schools will not be equal. A very insightful young lady, she recognizes the degree to which the ruling class will prevent a fair education system and desegregation from developing as she realistically suggests that â €Å"it would take a war to bring us together† (Kozol, p. 55). Short of that, it is unlikely that these problems will be solved through any reform effort. To begin to solve the problems, people need to collectively stand together and fight for the rights of all the children to have an equal start in life. That means people need to know what is going on and that they can do something to change it. Kozol was right about that when he suggested that people may be more willing to revise the system if they understood how it worked (107), but how do you get people to look beneath the veil? Fifty-five years ago, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the landmark Brown v.Board of Education case that school segregation policies are unconstitutional. Yet despite the moral victory of the Brown decision, in the decades since 1954 we have failed to create educational equality in America. Despite countless initiatives, hundreds of billions of dollars invested in various school improvement efforts, and the passage of a federal law that mandates that no child be left behind, we continue to see gaps in educational opportunity that disproportionately impact the lives of low income communities and communities of color across the fifty states. How can this be?In the wealthiest nation on earth, that has professed its commitment to eliminating these gaps for more than half a century, how can such glaring inequities persist? While we have gone to great lengths to experiment with education reform, we have done little to address the web of related social issues that together create the conditions necessary for educational success. We have spent our time and money focusing on things like toughening standards for students, making it harder to become a licensed teacher, and holding failing schools accountable for poor performance.And while many of these reform efforts have had some generally positive impact on the quality of education our children receive, all of these reforms ig nore the fact that no matter what we do in schools, students still live their lives in communities that reflect the systemic economic, racial and environmental inequalities that our society has yet to resolve. Like a patient with pneumonia who takes larger and larger doses of cough syrup and then wonders why they’re not getting better, we find ourselves treating primarily the symptoms of educational inequality rather than the root causes.If we hope to change our educational fortune, our society will need a cure that actually attacks the problem where it exists. It is only through a structural analysis of education that we can understand how issues like housing, school funding systems, and employment interact to shape our children’s ability to succeed in school. Let’s start by looking at the issue of housing. There is perhaps no single greater factor in determining one’s educational experience than where you live.Despite the moral victory of Brown, for the average low income black and Latino student in America today, schools are only marginally less segregated than they were in 1954 and are growing more segregated every year. 1   We have replaced the system of racial segregation with a system of residential segregation. Low-income blacks and Latinos are not explicitly forbidden from attending more affluent, majority-white schools because of their race, they are forbidden from attending because they are unable to secure housing in districts where affluent, high-functioning schools exist.This system, first declared constitutional by the Supreme Court in the 1974 case Miliken v. Bradley, essentially means that middle class and wealthy white communities need only to prevent low income people and people of color from moving into their districts in order to maintain segregated schools. Even cities that have sought to voluntarily integrate schools, like Seattle and Louisville, have been thwarted by recent conservative Court rulings.    In actuality then, the great dream of integrated schools in America not only never fully materialized, what little progress had been made is being undone before our eyes. For many low income communities and communities of color, little has ever happened to disrupt what has for generations been a schooling experience defined by crumbling infrastructure, poor quality teaching, lack of resources for arts, music, athletics, and extracurricular activities, and high concentrations of poverty along with all of its destabilizing effects on the lives of children.To fully understand the structural connections between educational opportunity and housing, first we must understand how schools receive funding. The primary source of funding for most school systems is property taxes. This means wealthy districts with high property values not only have more to spend on education, they can actually tax themselves at lower rates than their less affluent counterparts and still raise more money for scho ols.Even within school districts with diverse populations, providing equal per pupil funding for schools that serve populations with dramatically different needs can result in schools that reinforce, rather than reduce, inequality. In New York City for example, where per pupil funding is constant3 in the public schools throughout the city, schools that serve students who come to school with a range of academic and social needs that are not being met at home are at a perpetual disadvantage when compared to schools that serve students from more affluent and less needy areas.The Bronx, for example, when compared to the other boroughs of New York city is notable for being home to the neighborhoods with the city’s highest concentrations of poverty, adult incarceration, unemployment, and adults who themselves have not attained a high school diploma. 4   Given these social factors, it is a virtual certainty that, on average, students from the Bronx will come to school with greater need for academic, social and emotional support than their less challenged counterparts in wealthier areas of the city.   The Bronx also has the lowest rates of home ownership in New York City, making students especially likely to change residences and schools multiple times. 4   Studies have shown this kind of mobility to be a strong indicator of low performance. 5   It is no surprise then that the Bronx has the lowest rates of students performing at grade level on standardized tests in Math and English in New York City. 4 Because of modern school segregation, low-income students not only struggle with poverty related issues at home but generally receive an inferior education at school as well.This combination creates a sense of hopelessness and the perception that the benefits of education cannot be realized among many in these communities. This leads many students to achieve below their potential and to disengage from school, leaving them with few opportunities for gainful employment or to secure housing in an area where better schools could serve their own children in the future. Together these structural forces create a self-reinforcing cycle of poverty (both economic and educational) that disproportionately impacts the lives of people of color in America.    The problems we face in closing gaps in educational opportunity and outcomes are not purely the result of inaction, or lack of effort, but rather the misunderstanding of the source of the problem. To succeed in eliminating educational inequality in this country we must begin to address the social and economic conditions in low income and minority communities. The prospect of this kind of systemic change can seem daunting, but here are three ways we can begin addressing the issue: EmploymentCreate strong incentives for businesses that locate long term, living wage, environmentally friendly employment opportunities in low income and minority communities. In cities like New York, low-income min orities often live in areas with few opportunities for gainful employment. 4   This compounds their geographic isolation, increases adult and teen unemployment, and forces parents to spend more time commuting to jobs in which they earn low wages.The presence of stable, living wage earning jobs in low income communities not only improves the economic fortunes of the area, it also provides a critical mass of role models who can reinforce for students the value of educational achievement. Health Care One of the more disastrous byproducts of poverty is many parents’ inability to support their child’s development and achievement in school. With inadequate access to physical and mental health care, vision testing, and nutritional counseling, many parents in low income and minority communities are unable to offer their children the support they need to be prepared for success in school.We would likely see greater gains in educational achievement among low income and minorit y students by investing in community support services like universal health care, school-based vision clinics, and mental health services, than we see from the billions we currently spend on No Child Left Behind reforms. 5  Ã‚   Housing Integration Simply put, we will not likely be able to achieve educational equality without a dismantling of the new class and race based separate-but-equal school system being reestablished in America.The best way to ensure school integration is through housing integration. To achieve this we need rigorous enforcement of the long neglected 1968 Fair Housing Act, which contains provisions to ensure municipalities structure housing policy in ways that don’t reinforce racial segregation. In addition, we need a comprehensive, national strategy to ensure that as affluent whites move back into city centers, and blacks and Latinos are priced out of gentrifying areas and into the suburbs, we don’t simply shift populations in still segregated schools. 1

Business research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business research methods - Essay Example Trends were detected through the tabulation of related figures and the preparation of bar graphs and pie charts that served to clearly illustrate the movement, direction or trend from one year to the next. The researcher proceeded to focus on the construction industry in UK. Primary data were generated by way of conducting interviews and giving out questionnaires for both selected industry major players and for randomly selected representatives of the industry market. Research is basically done to gather data in a systematic manner and to interpret such data in the same systematic manner; throughout the process, the purpose of discovering relevant truths should be clearly imprinted in the mind of the researcher (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2007: 5). The procedures to gather primary data were done to document the sentiments and views of the people in the industry in their various post. Both similarities and differences amongst the answers they provided to uniform questions were recor ded and analysed to further analyse the impact of the prevailing industry condition on the individual characters making up the industry group. The data gathered were not limited to the construction industry. ... This report can be revised to suit any particular group of users. After all, a research paper can only be useful to the extent that it addresses the concerns and needs of its reader. This truth applies to all written works, including industry profiles and management research papers. Researchers must be mindful of and responsive to the concerns and interests of practitioners - the users of the finished reports - for their research output to serve a purpose and become valuable (Bryman & Bell, 2007: 5). To serve the needs of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), it can be made to cover more useful details including the needs and demands of the country’s construction industry that can, in turn, be catered to by the SMEs. These needs and demands of the industry can be analysed using supply value chains that would efficiently demonstrate how the needs of the industry as a whole can actually be addressed by properly organising SMEs to produce the required volumes and quantities of the necessary products or to provide the required services. To serve the needs of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), more data on the investment opportunities and incentives that are offered by the UK government should be incorporated in the report. The comparative advantages of UK, as well, as the next expansion site of MNEs in the construction industry should be drummed up. Tax holidays and other corporate benefits offered by the country to MNEs should be covered in detail. Meanwhile, independent investors who might wish to buy shares of construction companies that are listed in the bourse would want to see the individual financial performance indicators of the industry leaders and to have

Answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Answer question - Essay Example For the study to have reliable findings, the authors provided allowances for other sources of variation in employment including differences across the chains. To get such variation, the main equations used were as indicated below. The study found that 18 percent increase in the New Jersey minimum wage was predicted to reduce employment at fast foods outlets by 0.4-1.0 employees per store (David and Alan, 1994). Secondly, the study revealed that even in local areas, employment rose faster at the stores that increased wages due to the minimum wage. Thirdly, the paper found that relative price changes played a role within the fast food industry as the result of raising the minimum wage. One of the aspects that make this study to have counter intuitive result is that when minimum wage is raised, low skill workers retain their jobs. Additionally, it is one of the ways of attaining minimal standard of living. David, C and Alan, K. (1994). Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fat-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The American Economic Review, Volume 84, Issue 4 (Sept., 1994),

Prevention of Infection in Home Health Care Essay

Prevention of Infection in Home Health Care - Essay Example As such, this brief analysis will seek to analyze the definition of infection, types of infection/most common types of infection that exist within home health care, the modes of these different infection transmissions, ways to impede or disrupt such transmissions, and self protective equipment and its application within the home health care setting. Though home health care accounts for but a small percentage of total health care delivery within the United States, it is nonetheless a growing sector of health care deserves discussion. According to a recent study, published in 2011, there has been a high level of growth within home care; however, it still pales in comparison to the total amount of money that is expended upon hospital care. As of 2011, home care represented just 3% of total health care expenditures as compared to over 31% of total expenditure taking place with relation to traditional hospitals. However, the fact remains that even though the figure is small; it is a growi ng sector and is expected to grow a further 2.5% in the coming decade. As such, it is necessary to understand some of the key nuances that exist within home care as a function of anticipating and treating these issues in a medically expeditious means. For purposes of this brief analysis, the author will consider infection to be, â€Å"the invasion of a host organism’s bodily tissues by disease-causing organisms, their multiplication, and the reaction of the host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce† (Krismer 2012). With such a broad and encompassing definition, it becomes clear that infection within home care encompasses a broad range of issues; some acting as a more primal threat to health than others. It is important to note that although many journal entries have warned concerning the level of latent disease and exposure that exists within hospital and primary care, the level to which pathogens exist within the environment of the home is far less u niform. Whereas hospitals most comply with federal standards of cleanliness and procedures for disposal of an array of disease causing agents, regularly schedule cleanings, and a host of other preventative mechanisms, home care is almost invariably not nearly so tightly regulated, or sanitary. For this very reason, the prevalence of disease and the severity with which it affects patients within the given context is almost invariably higher than a similarly community of patients within a traditional medical facility. However, the prevalence of infection within the home care theater is not reason in and of itself to strongly recommend against its implementation as a means of treatment. With regards to the types of infections and the most common infections that exhibit themselves within home care, there are a number which will herein be discussed. As one might expect, the very same infectious disease agents that exhibit themselves within the hospital care front are also exhibited withi n home care; albeit, to different extents and total percentage rates than in traditional hospital care. For instance, studies on home care have typically indicated that the most common types of infections are concentric upon urinary tract infections, followed by an array of different types of skin infections, with staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus rounding out the least

Information System Risk Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information System Risk Management Paper - Essay Example Threats to an organization can be both from internal sources and external. While the motives may vary, the system is vulnerable to several risks. This paper will examine the vulnerabilities, the potential threats and the levels of security that could help mitigate the risks and allow uninterrupted workflow. Risk has been defined as the chance of exposure to the adverse consequences of future events (Egbuji, 1999). The likelihood and consequences have to be understood to provide for the right security measures. For a risk to be understandable, according to the Software Engineering Institute (SEI, 2006) of Carnegie Mellon University, it must be expressed clearly. This also implies that possible losses must be identified. Risks have to be assessed continuously and used for decision-making. In the field of computer technology and the information systems, technology enhancement is an ongoing process, which further necessitates continuous risk assessment. Besides, the losses due to lack of security controls could be in the areas of production, revenue, damaged reputation, and financial performance. Benefits of proper security measures could result in enhanced operational efficiency and competitive advantages (Kim, 2006). An organization must invest in IS security and know where to cut corner s. They should be able to spell the difference between security success and disaster (Gupta and Hammond, 2006). According to SEI, seven principles provide the framework to establish effective risk management. These include having a global perspective, the system should be at par with the larger systems, forward-looking view that is identifying and anticipating uncertainties, open communication – information and communication at all levels should be free flowing, integrated – risk management should be a vital and an integrated part of management, continuous – regular upgradation and constant vigil, shared product vision – having common purpose, shared

Is the current government policy and legislation towards older people Essay

Is the current government policy and legislation towards older people going to meet their health and wellbeing needs, now and in the future - Essay Example This is via colossal funding of their care institutions, hospitals and somehow intervening in the end time services, which entail spirituality. Mainly, this is evident in the care centers; both the private and the public (Jeary, 2005). Contrary to all this efforts, the state has invested to ensure sound living of their elderly, the condition of their regulations and policies have proved quite divergent to their expectations. Since the population is rapidly augmenting annually whereas, those responsible to care for the elderly fail in their responsibilities (Eriksson, Asplund & Sellstrà ¶m, 2010, p. 1322). Numerous evils and abuses against the elderly are emanating from the caregivers, that encompass neglect, segregation, both sexual and physical assaults. These have culminated to mysterious deaths resulting from the absence of administering medications, beating and neglect. These cases’ causes have proved to numerous investigations as unconquerable, since those who undertake these vices are close people behind the masks of loving relatives. Hence, has rendered UK Legislations and other reinforcements inadequate to ensure sound elderly wellbeing now and in future (Jeary, 2005). Wellbeing normally assumes three approaches that encompass psychological, bodily and social setting, but their soundness does not imply the absence of sickness and other related maladies (Anneyce, 2011). Psychosomatic approach entails mind aspects where an individual experiences peace and does not have conflicting memories. Uncontrolled memories or thoughts usually yield to mental disorders that may render one incapacitated. Since, they normally lead to stress or prolonged depression, hence prompting an individual live happiness deprived life. Peaceful mind normally emanates from the sound spirituality of an individual, which also comprises one approach of psychological

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ - Essay Example In this system, balance of payments is important for financial experts to analyze the currency’s supply and demand. The basic principle is that sales and purchases must be equal. When the supply of the currency exceeds the demand, then there is a balance of payments deficit. When it is the other way, then there is a balance of payments surplus (ibid. 759). In the heyday of government intervention adhering to strict communist principles, the value of the Chinese currency was determined in impractical values in comparison to its western counterparts. In 1978, the Chinese government put in place a dual track currency system where its currency can only be used locally and foreigners must deal through forex certificates. The rules set in currency exchange was also too stringent that there was seen a growth in the black market exchanges. For some time from the mid 90’s till 2005, the yuan was pegged to the value of USD in answer to the 1998 Asian financial crisis. Then in 200 3, the United States had the problem the Chinese exports became extremely competitive when the yuan and the dollar simultaneously dropped. As a consequence, EU and the g& called for a thorough exchange rate evaluation (Poleg n.p.). Bibliography Baumol, William J. and Alan S. Blinder.

Analyze the debate over currency wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze the debate over currency wars - Essay Example The country most affected by China’s undervalued currency is the U.S. It is important to note that other countries such as the UK are also affected by China’s low exchange rate. Similarly, China is not the only country that pegs its exchange rate against the U.S dollar. Some Middle Eastern countries do the same (New York Times, 2010). Argument In 2003, while following this policy, China added about $10 billion to its reserves, having an overall surplus on its current account (Krugman, 2010). Although China made attempts to appreciate its currency in 2005 and 2008, the changes they made were not significant, nor did they satisfy other countries into believing that China’s minute appreciations would serve to reduce the threat it posed to their currency. In fact, China’s weak currency has been seen as a contribution to the slowdown in the global economy, mainly because China is a country that plays a significant role in the world economy. However, in this pap er, we will analyze the ongoing debate on such currency wars. Most countries, such as the U.S, argue that a currency that is valued lower than it actually should be brings many drawbacks to the competing country. Firstly, the fact that another country’s currency is valued lower makes their exports more competitive in the global market. We can see this example in the current world market as well, where China’s exports are cheaper for many countries around the world. But for countries that have a higher exchange rate, their exports remain uncompetitive in comparison, for example the U.S exports as compared to Chinese exports. Even more so, the low exchange rate of one country, makes importing expensive for them, hence discouraging them from importing from other countries. One country’s imports are another countries exports. This negative attitude toward importing from other countries renders the high valued exchange rate country, at a loss because it will be losin g out on exporting if no one is willing to buy. This is damaging to the industries located in such countries and could give rise to unemployment and hinder economic growth; the exact argument that the U.S. presents in light of China’s exchange rate. A country with a lower exchange rate, like China, could argue that its low exchange rate is to keep its domestic economy stable, where most of its population is employed in industries that thrive on exports. A step of revaluing the currency could prove to be very detrimental since it could lead to the closing down of many industries in the country. By increasing their exchange rate value, countries like China fear that they might face a fall in the demand for their exports. Furthermore, investment depends on the exchange rate vale. If a country revalues its currency to a significantly higher level, they may face a shortage of investment. This fall in demand, combined with a fall in investment may be detrimental for any economy, cr eating within high levels of unemployment and even slowing down the rate at which the country grows economically. These effects could not only affect the home country, but could leave an effect on the rest of the world, especially if most countries relied on the cheap exports of this country. But what really should be understood is that revaluing a currency

Planning and Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning and Implementation - Essay Example Having the right marketing mix enables our organization to achieve its business objectives. Fit watch business objectives include creating brand awareness, acquiring market and maintaining it. Product is the central point on which fit watch marketing department focus on. It is concerned with what the product means to the customer. Marketing group therefore plays a key role in determining such aspects as: the appearance of the product in line with the requirements of the market; the function of the product on the question whether it addresses the needs of customers as identified through market research. The product offered is a watch. The company has discovered a need to increase the satisfaction level of the watch to the customers as well the advancement of technology. The watch has all the essentials that a customer looks for while considering making a purchase. It has all the performance characteristics of an existing watch. In addition to this, it has additional features such as flashlight, Wi-Fi hotspot and better health tracking strategy. The characteristics will help the watch to take the obligation of a torch will take part in internet access through Wi-Fi hotspot and as well will act as a friendly device to health of an individual. Pricing is one of the most important decisions made by any business organization. Of all the aspects of the marketing mix, price is the one which creates sales revenue while all the others are costs. The price of an item is clearly an important determinant of the value of sales made. In theory, price is really determined by the discovery of what customers perceive is the value of the item on sale. Researching consumers opinions about pricing is important as it indicates how they value what they are looking for as well as what they want to pay. Economists use the term market clearing price to identify a price at which sellers are prepared to sell because they feel they are getting a fair price, and buyers are

Teaching career Essay Example for Free

Teaching career Essay Source A is a memoir written by Elizabeth Makinson, who finished her teaching career in Bradford 1913. A memoir is a collection of memories based on a certain theme. This source would have come into existence, because Elizabeth will have reached a certain age and would want to review her childhood experiences and her early teaching career. Elizabeths memories are based on her education in a Board School called Belle Vue, and her early teaching career in Drummond Road, which was another Board School. Bell Vue was mainly for lower middle class children, as rich upper class children would have Governesses or would go to College. This particular school was on Manningham Lane, which at the time was a very desirable place to live. The education wasnt free, as the children would pay 6 pence per week. This wasnt considered expensive as the children would receive a high standard of education. They would learn a wide range of subjects, these were Arithmetic, Euclid (Greek), Geography, History, Drawing and Painting, Songs, Tonic Solfa (Singing in Ranges), English Literature, Physiography, Physiology, Cookery and Domestic Science, French, Elementary science, Practical and Theatrical Chemistry. This school was well funded as there was expensive equipment including Bunsen Burners, Crucibles, Test tubes, Retorts, Beakers and Small, Brass Balances. The school was funded for gym kits and other gym equipment such as climbing frames, vaulting horse, parallel bars, ropes and dumb-bells. The Headmistress Miss S. L. Beszant would take the children on school outings to the Bradford Destructor, Esholt Sewage works, and to the Theatre Royal to see the matinee showing of Romeo and Juliet, featuring the famous actress, Ellen Terry. In the next paragraph of the memoir she describes the school where she worked called Drummond Road Board School in the infants department in 1900. She received a place in this school when she passed the Teachers Entrance Examination. This school would not have been well funded and would have probably been free for lower class and working classes, who attended. This source would be quite useful to a historian who is studying schooling, because it illustrates what types of schooling were in use after the 1870s Education Act and the quality of education in these schools. However, as it is a memoir Elizabeth tends to remember the good points rather than the bad. This would therefore cause the source to become less valid, but in looking at other sources we can see how reliable this source is. Source B is a photograph of a Board School in 1894. This photograph was possibly taken, because towards the late nineteenth century photographs were taken to demonstrate poverty; therefore this photograph could have originally been taken for this purpose rather than education. This source tells us that there were only nine pupils, which is a very small class. This was because some of the pupils would have been half-timers, which means that they would work six hours in the mill and then attend school afterwards. The children in the photograph are frowning, however this does not necessarily mean that they did not enjoy going to school. This is because in Victorian times photography was a very long process; therefore it was easier to frown rather than smile. This source could be slightly unreliable, because photographs can be set up and arranged in order to gain a desired opinion. However this statement does not necessarily mean that the source is completely unreliable, because by looking at other sources we can see how true it is.

John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism Essay John Stuart Mill published Utilitarianism in 1861 in installments in Frasers Magezine it was later brought out in book form in 1863. The book offers a candidate for a first principle of morality, a principle that provides us with a criterion distinquishing right and wrong. The unilitarian candidate is the principle of utility, which holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happpiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure. One version of cecular utilitarianism was represented by William Godwin the husband of Mary Wollstonecraft and father of Mary Shelley, who achieved great notoriety with the publication of hil Political Justice of 1793. Godwins use of the principle of utility for the cause of radical political and social critique began the identification of utilitarianism with anti-religiosity and with dangerous democratic values. The second version of secular utilitarianism, and the one that inspired Mill, arose from the work of Jeremy Bentham. Benthan, who was much more successful than Godwin at building a movement around his ideas, employed the principle of utility as a device of political, social, and legal criticism. Benthams interest in the principle of utility did not arise from concern about ethical theory as much as from concern about lefislative and legal reform. Though Bentham and Godwin intended it to have this function in the late eighteenth century, utilitarianism became influential only when tied with the political machinery of the Radical party, which had particular prominence on the English scene in the 1830s.

Annotated Bibliography: Nursing Care of Patient With Stroke

Annotated Bibliography: Nursing Care of Patient With Stroke This annotated bibliography will discuss three pieces of literatures, which include a Department of health policy. Demonstrating an understanding of the chosen articles with the use of additional literatures to analyse identify and explore learning and how it will influence the nursing care of patient with stroke. Furthermore, the analysis of how the literature search was performed, the database used, search term used, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings and exploration of why the literature was chosen will be identified. Search Strategy Database such as CINAHL plus, British Nursing Index and Department of Health policy was utilised to acquire relevant articles and guideline relating to stroke (Achterberg, Schoonhoven Grol, 2008). This was searched using keywords such as; â€Å"self- care CVA†, â€Å"self-care management†, with the use of the Boolean operator â€Å"OR†, â€Å"AND â€Å"and â€Å"IN† which helped expand and narrow the search criteria (Petersen, 2010). To carry out the first search the keywords â€Å"self-care management† was inserted and it came up with 1878 hits, again Boolean operator â€Å"OR† was used to refine the search. However the hits were large at 40361 hits, the Boolean operator â€Å"IN† was inserted which gave less than 1657 hits. Moreover, when the search keywords â€Å"self-care stroke† was inserted to the database it came up with 1831 hits, however when the Boolean operator â€Å"AND† was added the number of hits had red uced to 51. To further narrow the search to get minimum and relevant information relating to stroke, the writer used the advance search tools by limiting the search to UK only, publications dates within 6years and excluding international. As a result of this, the first article had 30 results, second article had 500 results and the third article had 321 results. From this, the writer read 10 abstracts each from the articles that were more suitable for the research. From the ten abstract read, the writer was able to come to conclusion by choosing 1 article from each search as it contains appropriate information regarding nursing care for patient with stroke. However the policy was found using the DoH website as the database used to find the other articles were not appropriate for finding a guideline. This was search using keywords â€Å"SELF MANAGEMENT FOR STROKE†, in which gave the writer suitable information relating to stroke and how it influence nursing care (reference) Annotated Article 1 Joice, S. (2012). Self-Management following Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (22), 39-46 In this article the author defines the concept of self-management and describes psychological theories and emerging behaviour change techniques that nurses can use to promote positive self-care in patients who have had a stroke (McCabe Timmins, 2013). They identify the importance that nurses are in the main position to combine a wide range of behaviour change techniques that can be modify to different patients (Egan, 2009). They also identify the importance of nurses creating a therapeutic relationship through communication as it enhances the delivery of care provided (Palmer, 2000). Additionally, by providing useful communication between the nurse and patient it encourages them to take more interest in their condition and develop greater understanding and confidence in self-care management (McCabe Timmins, 2013). Many authors such as Burnard (2003), Barrett, Komaromy, Robb and Rodger (2004) and Bach and Grant (2011) agree that communication is the most important therapeutic skill compulsory for nurses. Whilst Schuster (2000) highlights that nurses must also be able to appreciate non-verbal communication, through eye contact and touch, as it is a crucial method to creating a rapport and trusting relationship with their patient before verbal communication commences. The article also identified the challenges nurses face when delivering self-management after stroke, as different policies, authors or researchers may not use same definition of self-management (Newman, Steed Mulligan 2009). Therefore, nurses have to interpret documents and apply them in different environment. Lorig Holman (2003) supports that self-management is poorly theorised, which means lack of knowledge restrict both the nurses and patients from facilitating self-care management (White, Duncan and Baumle, 2011) Although it identifies the importance of individual’s attitudes and beliefs towards recovery and response to rehabilitation, the attitudes and beliefs of the nurse also plays a role (Young and Forster, 2007). However Daniel, Grendall Wilkins (2008) states the importance of valuing people’s attitude and beliefs as it determines their motivation to participate in self- care. Therefore nurses have to be sensitive to that fact that all patients share different beliefs regarding health care issues. (Barker, 2009) The overall article highlighted the importance of nurse’s usage of different behaviour change techniques to promote positive self-management after stroke. It also identifies nurses as the main provider in promoting self-care to patients and their families in order to improve the outcome. Annotated Article 2 Rowat, A. (2011). Malnutrition and Dehydration after Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (14), 42-46 The aim of the article was to encourage nurses to identify the frequency and causes of malnutrition and dehydration, consider the complications it can cause and to be aware of the feeding strategies. They identify that patient presented with stroke should be assessed within the first 48 hours and swallowing should be assessed before giving any food, fluid or oral medication (NICE, 2008). They identify the video-fluoroscopy test used to observe the patient swallowing process. However the test is not practical for assessing patient with stroke as they are unable to sit independently as well as endure movement of their head (Rowe D’Antonio, 2005, Jacobsson et al, 2000). Although the video-fluoroscopy is used to detect dysphagia, it is believed to be an unreliable source as it does not identify how the patient should be fed when they return to the ward (Clayton, Jack, Ryall, Tran, Hilal Gosney 2006). The use of different trials carried out by Dennis, Lewis Warlow (2005) supports decisions about feeding patients after stroke as it illustrates the significance of enteral tube feeding reducing risks of death at 6months. The article also identifies alternative evaluation tool; Fibre optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) has been developed as it can be used at the bedside to establish the movement of fluid and food in the larynx (Ramsey, Smithard Kalra, 2003). However it still requires a skilled operator to administer the swallowing test, therefore the person administering the tests must receive sufficient education and training in order to carry out the test accurately (Rodgers, 2005). It identifies the importance of nurses using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool as it is a valid and reliable nutritional screening tool used in hospital setting, as high number of patient with stroke experience malnutrition (NICE, 2008). However the tool is not specific to stroke and would not identify reasons the patient is malnourished, but it enables the nurses to identify the patients who need to refer to speech and language therapist (Hickson, 2006). The overall article informs nurses of the common complication arising from stroke and the tools used to examine. It also identifies the importance of teamwork between nurses and speech and language therapy in maintaining the nutrition and hydration status of the patient after stroke. Annotated Policy Department of Health. (2007). National Stroke Strategy. London: HMSO The strategy has been put in place as it provide a quality framework against which local services can secure improvements to stroke services and address health inequalities involving stroke within ten years, provide advice, guidance and support for commissioners, strategic health authorities, the voluntary sector and social care, in the planning, development and monitoring of services; and inform the expectations of those affected by stroke and their families, by providing a guide to high-quality health and social care services. The Department of Health (2007) established a national strategy for stroke facilities in England. According to DoH (2007), almost 110,000 people under the age of 65 in England have a stroke yearly and 20-30% of those people pass away within a month. They identified Stroke as the main cause of disability within adults and costing the NHS and economy  £7 billion yearly as suggested by (Leatherman, Sutherland Airoldi 2008). The DoH developed the strategy as a result of an evidence based practice (Keele, 2011), which suggest what needs to be done by recommending nurses to use the care pathway to deliver an effective care to patients with stroke (Barker, 2013). The policy was implemented to remodel the services provided to the patients, ensuring they receive the best care using resources available. However due to some nurses lack of knowledge, it could limit the resources being used effectively (Rodgers, 2005). Although the policy supports the involvement of patients and family with stroke by involving them in care planning (Benner, Kyriakidis Stannard, 2011). However the policy identifies that this can prove to be less effective when communicating with the patient due to either physical disability or limited communication as a result of the severity of their stroke (DoH,2007).Therefore the policy identifies how to interact effectively with the patient by maintaining their dignity (Masters, 2014). Overall the policy highlights the important of nurses being updated frequently on different tools available to use when caring for their patient. This ensures the patients receive an up-to-date care and restricts their stay in hospital. To conclude, the writer has demonstrated understanding of the articles and policy chosen, by using literatures to analyse and explore further reading concerning how it influences the nursing care of the stroke patient. This has equipped the writer on how effective high quality care should be delivered to patients effectively. References Achterberg, T.V, Schoonhoven, L Grol, R. (2008). Nursing implementation science: How evidence based nursing requires evidence- based implementation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(4), 302-310. Bach, S. Grant, A. (2011). Communication and interpersonal skills in nursing. (2nd ed). Great Britain: Short Run Press. Barker, A.M. (2009). Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession. USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Barker, J. (2013). Evidence based practice for nurses. (2nd ed.). London:SAGE. Barret, S., Komaromy, C., Robb, M. Rodgers, A. (2004).Communication, relationship and care: A reader. USA: Routledge. Benner, P., Kyriakidis, P.H. Stannard, D. (2011). Clinical wisdom and interventions in acute and critical care: A thinking-in-action approach. (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing. Burnard,P. (2003). Ordinary chat and therapeutic conversation: Phatic communication and mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Nursing, 10 (6), 678-682. Clayton, J., Jack, C.I., Ryall, C., Tran, J., Hilal, E. Gosney, M. (2006). Tracheal pH monitoring and aspiration in acute stroke. Age and Ageing. 5 (1), 47-53. Daniels, R, Grendell, R Wilkins, F.R. (2008). Nursing fundamentals: caring and clinical decision making. (2nd ed). USA: Cengage Learning. Dennis, M.S., Lewis, S.C. Warlow, C. Food Trial Collaboration (2005b). Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeling for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 365, 9461, 764-772. Egan, G. (2009). The skilled helper: A problem management and opportunity-development approach to helping. (9th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Hickson, M. (2006). Malnutrition and ageing. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 82 (963), 2-8. Jacobsson, C., Axelsson, K., Osterlind, P.O. Norberg, A. (2000). How people with stroke and healthy older people experience the eating process. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9 (2), 255-264. Joice, S. (2012). Self-Management following Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (22), 39-46 Keele, R. (2011). Nursing research and evidence based practice: Ten steps to success. USA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Lorig, K. Holman, H.R. (2003). Self-Management education: History, definition,outcomes and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioural Medicine. 26 (1), 1-7. Leatherman, S., Sutherland, K. Airold, M. (2008). Bridging the quality gap: Stroke. Retrieved March, 9, 2014 from http://www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/bridging_the_quality_gap.pdf Masters, K. (2014). Role development in professional nursing practice. (3rd ed). USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. McCabe, C Timmins, F. (2013). Communication skills for nursing practice. (2nd ed). UK: Palgrave Macmillian. Newman, S., Steed, L. Mulligan, K. (2009). Chronic physical illness: Self-management and behavioural intervention. England: Open University Press. Palmer, S. (2000). Introduction to counselling and psychotherapy. London: Sage Petersen, R. (2010). Ubuntu 10.04 LTS desktop handbook. USA: Surfing Turtle Press. Ramsey, D.J., Smithard, D.G. Kalra, L. (2003). Early assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients. Stroke. 34 (5), 1252-1257. Rodger, B.L. (2005). Developing nursing knowledge: Philosophical traditions and influences. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Rowat, A. (2011). Malnutrition and Dehydration after Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (14), 42-46 Rowe, M.R D’Antonoio, L.L. (2005). Velopharyngeal dysfunction: Evolving developments in evaluation. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 13 (6), 366-370. Schuster, P. (2000). Communication the key to the therapeutic relationship. Phiadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. United Kingdom. Department of Health. (2007). National Stroke Strategy. London: HMSO. United Kingdom. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2008). Stroke: National Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Initial Management of Acute Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack. Clinical Guideline No.68. London: HMSO. White, L., Duncan, G Baumle, W. (2011). Foundation of basic nursing. (3rd ed). USA: Cengage Learning. Young, J Forster, A. (2007). Review of stroke rehabilitation. British Medical Journal. 334 (7584), 86-90.

From Mind to Supermind: A Statement of Aurobindonian Approach :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

From "Mind" to "Supermind": A Statement of Aurobindonian Approach ABSTRACT: In contrast to Western theories of mind, Aurobindo’s theory is comprehensive and holistic. This theory derives from his ontology. With respect to mind, Aurobindo contends that evolution will not stop with homo sapien. Rather, he posits higher levels of consciousness: Higher Mind, Illumined Mind, Intuitive Mind, Overmind, and Supermind. Higher Mind is an intermediary between the Truth-light above and the human mind. Illumined Mind is Spiritual light. Intuitive Mind possesses swift revelatory vision and luminous insight. Overmind acts as an intermediary between Supermind and Intuitive Mind. Supermind contains the self-determining truths of Divine Consciousness; it is the Real-Idea inherent in all cosmic force and existence. The various concepts and theories of mind prevalent today have had their origin and development in the West. They can be classified as : Psycho-analytical (cf., Sigmund Freud, Karl Jung, A. Adler), Behavioural (cf., Gilbert Ryle), Gestalt (cf., Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler), Physiological (cf., J. J. C. Smart, U. T. Place, Feigl), Psycho-physical (cf., Karl Popper), Evolutionary (cf., Henry Bergson, Samuel Alexander, Whitehead), Functional (cf., R. Rorty, Peter Smith, O. R. Jones), and Mental or Homo Sapiens-oriented (cf., Roger Penrose). The outcome of all such discussions is that "mind" is mysterious and beyond all scientific explanation. According to the main contemporary view, in particular, `there is something essential in human understanding that is not possible to simulate by any computational means’. This indicates that the nature of mind continues to remain a source of acute discomfort to the Western thinkers. Even their new empirical findings regardin g the highly complex mental acitivity is dubious. The object of this paper is to submit that in this context of the West’s indecisiveness and perplexity, Aurobindo’s approach to mind comes as a breath of fresh air. Aurobindo’s theory of mind is as much "inclusive" of the essence of the Western schools of thinkers cited above, as it is "contrastive". The pioneers in this area from William James and McDougall through Freud, Jung and Adler etc, established the paradigm of the "iceberg" with reference to the nature of mind. This can be designated as the "infra-structural" theory of the entity. The views of the "evolutionists" (Darwin, Laplace, Bergson, S. Alexander, Whitehead, for instance,) are "different" but not "enriching". All of them fail to recognise that any infra-structure can, and must have, logically speaking, a "supra-structure" as well, in order to be complete and holistic.

Special Needs Education Essay -- Special Education, mentally retarded

One of the most controversial issues facing educators today is the topic of educating students with disabilities, specifically through the concept of inclusion. Inclusion is defined as having every student be a part of the classroom all working together no matter if the child has a learning disability or not (Farmer) (Inclusion: Where We’ve Been.., 2005, para. 5). The mentally retarded population has both a low IQ and the inability to perform everyday functions. Activities such as eating, dressing, walking, and in some cases, talking can be hopeless for a child with mental retardation. Schooling for the disabled requires a special environment—one that only a few teachers have the gift to care for. Instead of looking out for the child’s needs, the government is focused on passing test grades and social skills. Mentally retarded children require a highly trained special education teacher, patience for behavioral issues, and are also required to pass standardized tests; public education for these students move at a faster pace than they can comprehend and lack the personal focus that they would otherwise get in a special needs classroom. The first special education students included the deaf, blind, and later the mentally retarded. If a person was cursed with mental retardation, it was commonly believed to be a demonic possession (Farmer) (Inclusion: Where We’ve Been.., 2005, para. 2). . It wasn’t until the twentieth century that these students were being taught in an educational environment. Realizing that the mentally disabled needed a unique education, the government began taking action. In the 1990’s, the federal and supreme courts began taking an interest in improving special education. Laws began coming into effect almost ... ...c. 2000. 239-259. Washington University School of Law. 17 Mar 2011. Farmer, Marie S. â€Å"Inclusion: Where We’ve Been, Where We Are, Where We’re Going.† Mar 2005. Georgia College & State University. 17 Mar 2011. Harchik, Alan. â€Å"Including Children with Special Needs in Regular Classrooms: Pros and Cons† News for Parents. 2005. May Institute. 18 Mar 2011. Lazarus, Belinda D. â€Å"What is Inclusion?† Making Inclusion Work. Feb 2001. University of Michigan-Dearborn. 18 Mar 2011. Le Fave, Dominic. No Child Left Behind and Special Education Explained. 23 Aug 2010. Philosophographlux. 29 Mar 2011.

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children Essay example -- Violence

Depression and post traumatic stress disorder are two of the main illnesses seen in children after being exposed to domestic violence. Among depression and post traumatic stress disorder, there are multiple sub-categories to help place the severity of the disorder. Many influences can change the severity of a disorder in the child including but not limited to: length of exposure, type of exposure, and time-lapse since the exposure. Domestic violence is defined as violence between members of a household such as that of a married couple or a parent to one’s child. Some cases of domestic violence can just be through witnessing while some of the more scarring events occur directly to the child. Domestic violence can be separated into three smaller categories: physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse. The most common type of domestic violence is done through physical abuse. This can include hitting, kicking, punching, choking, etc. Physical abuse can be minor in that it just leaves bruises or a bad memory, but physical abuse can also be as serious as broken bones, time in the hospital, or as serious as death. Sexual abuse is also a very common type of abuse. Pressuring a child to do sexual acts, child pornography, and unwanted penetration to a child’s genitals are all forms of sexual abuse. Psychological abuse is the least common form of abuse performed. Psychological abuse does e xactly what the name states. It’s abuse to someone through their mind such as telling someone they are fat or that they are ugly. Domestic violence can be scary for the young children who witness it. Depending on the situation, domestic violence can have negative outcomes that can stay with the child for the rest of his... ...ional Journal 34 (2010): 448-453. EBSCO. Smith, Barbera E., Laura B. Nickles, Darlanne Hoctor Mulmat, and Heather J. Davies. Helping Children Exposed To Domestic Violence:Law Enforcement And Community Partnerships. Washington D.C: American Bar Association, 2000. Print. "The Facts on Health Care and Domestic Violence." Family Violence Prevention Fund. University California, San Francisco, n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2014. . "Turning Point Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Services." Turning Point Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2014. . Volpe, Joseph S. "Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview." American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. N.p., 1996. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .

Children in Crisis Essay

When one thinks of people in crisis, children are usually the furthest thing from their mind. The fact is that children endure crisis just the same as adults. The difference is that their coping skills are limited due to the fact that their brains are not fully developed and their cognitive abilities are limited. Children endure crisis in all kinds of ways. Some have been traumatized due to a natural disaster, others by divorce, death, foster care, asthma or because of a mental disorder. This paper will discuss some of the different types of crisis that children endure and the effect that the crisis has had on their lives. Children in Crisis Everyone has encountered a crisis at some point in their life. What might be a crisis for one individual is not a crisis for another. A crisis can be defined as â€Å"a perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms† (James, 2008, p. 3). If an individual does not get help with overcoming their crisis then the crisis could have a severe impact on their behavior as well as their cognitive functioning. James, 2008) A crisis becomes a crisis in ones life because they do not have the knowledge of how to handle or deal with their current situation. They are often times paralyzed emotionally and mentally which leaves them feeling out of control of their lives. When one thinks of people in crisis, children do not usually cross their mind. The truth of the matter is that children endure crisis just like adults do. Most adult who experience a crisis are unable to help their self and they definitely are not going to be able to help their children. Children do not have the same coping skills as adults and often times end up needing psychiatric treatment as a result of crisis in their lives. Children can endure crisis in many ways. Some, but not all, of these ways are through experiencing natural/man-made disasters, others by divorce of their parents, death of a friend or relative, being placed in foster care, having a childhood illness such as asthma or because of a mental disorder. These children, like adults, need help to therapeutically process through the crisis in their lives. Crisis most always means that one has lost someone or something. Children need help accepting their losses and expressing their painful emotions in appropriate ways. Children are resilient, but they also experience feelings of fear, anxiety, guilt, anger and sorrow. It is important to help children understand that enduring crisis is an opportunity to see God at work in their life. Types of Crisis That Children Endure A natural or man-made disaster is something that many children across the United States have had to deal with. Many of these disasters have been compounded by having a crisis within a crisis. An example of this would be the traumatic events of September 11, 2001. This was a crisis that no one was prepared for and unfortunately because of those who died in this horrible attack, many children were left without one or both of their parents. These type of events leave children â€Å"terrified, not only by the event, but by their own thoughts and feelings† (Gaffney, 2006, p. 1005) regarding the event. Children who experience this type of crisis often seem as though they have lost touch with reality. They might not be able to clearly communicate about the crisis and many times are mistakenly labeled as â€Å"poor historians† (Gaffney, 2006) because they are not able to sequence the event correctly. This is because the child’s â€Å"brain’s ability to process, retain, and recall information has been compromised by the trauma† (Gaffney, 2006, p. 1006). They have trouble identifying their feelings and placing appropriate emotions with those feelings. This leaves the child with unresolved issues and a picture in their mind that they are unable to verbally describe. It is expected that children who endure this type of trauma will â€Å"exhibit transient to long-term behavior changes† (Gaffney, 2006, p. 1010). This behavioral change can be anything from biting their lip to withdrawing socially. In order for the child to begin the healing process after a natural or man-made disaster, one must help them to understand that they will never forget the people or things they have lost, but their pain will become easier as time goes by. Divorce is another crisis that many children endure that leaves them in a shattered world of hopes and dreams. Divorce for a child means that life as they once knew it will never be the same. Children who have parents that divorce often times have to begin living new lives. They are required to conform to two different standards of living which represent two different sets of values. These children are experiencing conflict at all times due to having disgruntled parents. These parents lose their ability to support their children because they are focused on their own feelings of not being supported by their spouse. Divorce can create loyalty issues for the children and cause them to feel as though they have to take sides and dislike the other parent. A divorce can interrupt a child’s emotional and educational development. A child’s age will cause them to respond to divorce differently. Preschool children â€Å"have an incomplete and confused understanding of what has caused such a radical change in the family routine† (Henning, 1977, p. 55). The child’s ability to cope is very limited and the most common emotion that they experience is fear. They are unable to verbalize their feelings, but replay pictures in their mind of the verbal and sometimes physically abuse they have witnessed. School aged children are magical thinkers and envision the parents getting back together by working out their problems. These children are easily manipulated by gifts or tokens and like the idea of being able to â€Å"get whatever they want† (Henning, 1977) from the other parent. These children often worry about who will care for them if the other parent dies or becomes ill. Adolescent children are more prone to experience anger and depression during times of divorce. These children are more apt to participate in deviant behavior as a way of expressing their emotions concerning the divorce. Their academics suffer and students who were making good grades begin to fail. The biggest issue for â€Å"children during the divorce process is that the adults involved in marital strife are not looking for ways in which to help their children adjust to the transition, but are searching for ways to implement their own personal life readjustment† (Henning, 1997, p. 56). Experiencing divorce can actually be a form of death in a child’s life. The death of a parent, friend or loved one is one of the most disturbing experiences that a child will ever face. Death, especially of a parent, leaves the child feeling scared and alone. They do not believe that others truly understand what they are feeling. They desire for the one they have lost to return to them. This often leaves the child with painful memories of their loved one. Children will â€Å"cry easily, lose interest in eating, or experience physical discomfort† (Gaffney, 2006, p. 1008). In order for these children to heal, they must first deal with the symptoms they are experiencing as a result of their traumatic event. Then they must have help walking through the grieving process. Gaffney, 2006) This same grieving process is experienced by children who have been placed into foster care. Although their parents have not physically died, their life as they once knew it has. It is reported that approximately â€Å"40,000 children in the United States live in out-of-home residential care facilities† (Ulrich, 2005, p. 13). This does not include the number of children that are entering therapeutic foster homes on a daily basis. These children are removed from their homes, families and environments to be placed in unfamiliar surroundings. Then these children are expected to flourish. These children enter into a state of crisis because they feel that both them â€Å"and the situation are about to be out of control† (Smiar, 1992, p. 149). They are told that they now have a new family, will start a new school, and have to make new friends. They are told by their caseworker that they can trust them. Then the child finds out that the caseworker has moved on and a new caseworker has been assigned to their case. This was the individual who was supposed to be â€Å"responsible for their safety, stability, well-being and permanence† (Strolin-Goltzman, 2010, p. 7), yet they are now gone. This creates problems related to emotional and physical stability for these children. They have lost trust in the adults in their life due to a series of unhealthy relationships and take on a non-caring attitude. This non-caring attitude will often cost the child their current placement mainly if the family is not prepared to handle aggressive, defiant behavior. These particu lar children spend the remainder of their time in foster care moving from placement to placement. Their life is forever changed at the hand of â€Å"caring adults† who want them to experience a better life. It is the constant changing in one’s life along with unresolved emotional issues that cause these children to end up in a psychiatric facility and then diagnosed with a mental disorder. According to research ,â€Å"one in 5 children has a diagnosable mental health or addictive disorders, and 2 in 10 has a serious emotional disturbance that significantly impairs functioning at school, at home and in the community† (Mellin, 2009, p. 501). It is suggested that the â€Å"prevalence of serious emotional disorders is higher among children who are in state custody than in the general population† (Lyons, 1997, p. 312). This is due to the risk factors involved prior to the children being placed into foster care and because of the separation from their biological families which have now created emotional and behavioral problems in the child’s life. The child’s behavior can become out of control and beyond what a therapeutic home can provide for. It is at this time that they are referred to the psychiatric hospital. These hospitals become a place of transition into a residential treatment facility. Once again, these children have endured yet another move. They have now been given a diagnosis that leaves them with the assumption that they are crazy and beyond repair. Many children end up with a dual diagnosis because of genetic disorders or childhood illness. One childhood illness that creates crisis in a child’s life is asthma and the â€Å"current prevalence of doctor-diagnosed childhood in the United States is estimated as 7%† (Nicholas, 2005, p. 245). Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The coughing usually occurs at night or early in the morning. Children with asthma often have to reduce or limit their play due to their asthmatic symptoms. During an aggressive asthma attack, these children are not able to breath appropriately and are faced with a fear of death. It is for this reason that they must have an asthma action plan in place, take their prescribed medications, and live in a preventative environment. It is important for the families of children with asthma to create a safe and healthy environment for them to live in. This can be done by eliminating tobacco smoke, animal dander, using dust covers for bed mattresses, and making sure that the home is free from pest and rodents. These steps are prevention measures only, they do not eliminate the crisis the child can experience due to not being able to breathe appropriately. Children with asthma would benefit from therapeutic services while learning to cope with their childhood disease.

Micro Econ

Describe the effectual commercialise dead reckoning and give a piece of picture consistent with this theory. Markets ope tempo efficiently when resources ar fully employed and output is produced at lowest possible costs at quantities that correspond to rational consumer behavior. Market susceptibility involves both increaseive and allocative efficiency.Productive efficiency is bear on with beat of goods and serve produced. It is achieved when it is impossible to change magnitude output of one type of harvest-festival without reducing the output of a nonher harvest-tide i.e. all resources are fully employed and the economy is operating on its ware possibility curve. Allocative efficiency is achieved when the resources are allocated in the right proportions to produce different goods and services to give a harvesting pleat that reflects consumers preferences. (Grant, 2003)The term efficient as use by economists simply means, If price and quantity take anything other th an their equilibrium determines, a transaction that will make at least some people split up off without harming others can always be found.(Frank and Bernanke, 2001) This is known as Pareto efficiency, named after the Italian economist, Vilfredo Pareto. It is a state whereby there is no way of making one political ships company in a market punter off without making the other pull up stakesy worse off. It is achieved when resultive and allocative efficiency interacts.An efficient transaction creates an economic surplus. If a product sells below the market equilibrium price, it is not efficient.2. The cleaning service firm just All plc increased its actors takings by 4% and it experienced an increase in its profits. How can this have happened?Increasing honorarium boosts histrions productivity. Workers are as well as tempted to work for lengthy hours which in like manner increase productivity. This results in high(prenominal) profits and aim turnover is also significant ly lowered. Even though wages are higher, the firm may not have significantly higher dig up costs per social unit of output.An employers qualification price for a worker is the roughly the employer could pay without suffering a counterbalance in profit. In a short competitive labor market, this price is the value of workers fringy product (VMP).A workers marginal product is the extra output the firm gets as a result of hiring that worker. Value marginal product is the net contribution the worker makes to the employers revenue i.e. result of multiplying the workers marginal product by the net price for which each unit of product sells.By reason of the law of decrease returns, we know that the marginal product of labor, indeed VMP, declines in the short run as the quantity of labor rises.The individual employers demand curve for labor, in this aspect Clean All plc may be shown as downward sloping work of wage point. The release curve of labor for any particular occupation is upward sloping.3) Does on increase in legal transfer lead to a higher model of living? Why? Might a politician prefer not to endeavour to introduce resources increase at the rate of scrimping?Yes, nest egg lead to higher standard of living. Savings are that part of current income that is not spent on current needs .Higher range of saving today leads to faster accumulation of riches and the wealthier an economic unit is (e.g. household or nation) the higher its standard of living in the future.Savings are mostly employed in financial investments e.g. government bonds or shares of blood in a corporation. These pay returns in form of engross payments, dividends or with child(p) gains High returns are desirable of physique because the higher the return the faster ones savings grow.The rate of return most applicable is savings decision is the accepted interest rate i.e. the rate at which the real purchasing power of a financial asset increases over time .it is the marke t nominal interest rate deduction the ostentation rate. The real interest rate is relevant to savers because it is reward for savings. Empirical deduction suggests that higher real interest rates lead to increases in savings (Frank and Benanke, 2001).Politicians scat to benefit e.g. by gaining political fuel consumption rate when the economy is favorable, thus they tend to defend a strong bias toward expansionary policy. What prevents politicians from implementing the expansionary policies is inflation at least to fear of generating on acceleration inflation. Inflation is a continual rise in price take aim measured with price indexes. If money supply rises the price level will also rise. Inflation does not promote a favorable political environment.ReferencesBernanke, B. and Frank, R. (2001) Principles of Economics . mod York McGraw-HillColander, D.C (2001) Economics, New York McGraw Hill Companies.Eaton, B., Diane F. and Douglas W. (2002) Microeconomics.5th Edition New York, Prentice HallMankiw, N. (2000) Principles of Microeconomics. London, South-Western PubPrentice Ha Grant, S. J. (2003) Stan Lakes Introduction Economics, 7th Edition. HarlowPearsons Education ltdRuffin, R. and Paul R. (2000) Principles of Microeconomics. New York, AddisonWesley

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Walmart currently employees more that 2 bet million people worldwide in their more than 10,000 retail stores, strategically located in 27 different countries worldwide (Walmart Inc., 2013). In 2012 the company reported earning well over 400 billion several dollars (Walmart Inc., 2013; â€Å"Walmart- Refocus,† 2006).Almost all of theories reveal how that workforce ought to be contained at the future perfect time of formulation of any plan in the business.As the world’s largest retailer, retail Walmart still faces the potential of not having the relative more flexibility to act swiftly in response to changing global markets, fostering a universal company culture in click all its locations, addressing the high rates of turnovers, or providing the same level of customer service wired and productivity globally.Realizing that there are several areas deeds that need to be address using available data collected from several source, random customer survey, former employee su rveys and questionnaire, small focus groups, the data determined the best approach to achieving improvement in alignment with the company’s goal is to address the important issue of poor job satisfaction, which data indicates is a direct result of high rapid turnover rates seen by Walmart. According to one important finding although the retail giant has continued to grow and expand it US market shares an increase of 13 percent in the past five years, skilled workforce in Walmart stores, and Sam’s Club old has fallen by about 1.4 percent during that same first time (Ungar, 2013).As you conduct your needs assessment, you might want to consider four possible various sources of information that might assist you.

(2013). Who’s legal right about Wal-Mart’s customer satisfaction? Retrieved from http://money.msn.com/now/post.Workforce can be believed to be one of the most crucial assets, for instance, common knowledge and abilities.com/graph/lif_wal_sto_num_of_sam_clu-stores-number-sam-s-clubs Walmart Inc. (2013). Experience Walmart’s History. Retrieved extract from http://corporate.Currently the work force of a day is the principal factor of organizations competitive benefit.

Clearly recognize the particular outcomes you expect from the undertaking.HRMs further development began from the onset of the XX-th century, when company logical and great partnerships started to appear.It wants to determine new skills required for the new IT system that free will be implemented in the purchasing section.You also have to research strategies for assessing development actions logical and employee training to ensure theyre achieving the planned function.

Therefore, organizations may need to adapt to the new position.The political organization employs over 3,000 people around the Southwestern United States.Each client good will be given a paper with shipping.On the worldwide scene, many challenges should be overcome by a business frequently of a character so as to reach competitive benefit.

Budget Essay

hither you should define how you arrived at your gross revenue project in fraction 2. 1. You should similarly pull up stakes sever distributivelyy particular calculations that guide you to the gross gross sales envision values. You should as well as summarise any question or figures that guide you to halt this sales forecast. poster your rendering of assumptions should in like manner acknow conductge a elongation to an authoritative, exterior (non-text, and so forth ) imagery cited in sectionalisation 6. 0 whole kit and boodle Cited. here you should extend a screenshot of your hood outgo bud crap, likewise circumstanceisation the sources of info and assumptions that led to each cable television service item in slacken format. in brief run the check investing and, if unavoidable, why study items atomic number 18 necessary to come upon the federations st treadgy. poster on the profit, you preserve explore smashing using ups in the in ternecine revenue codification non on the IRS website and that exit garter you give away the types of expenditures that should be secern from otherwise expenses. From there, you back tooth research the internet for examples of great(p) expenditure budgets to get an composition of the data formatting or freshen the examples at http//office. microsoft. com/en-us/excel-help/ soon guide the NVP, IRR, history enumerate of return, and retribution geological period for all 5 geezerhood of this analysis. intimate the price reduction rate you used, and how you arrived at it. label your definition of assumptions should also acknowledge a credit to an authoritative, external (non-text, and so on ) election cited in parting 6. 0 provides examples of each of the instalment items compulsory below, so round off those examples and tutorials in truth guardedly to jibe supreme points.

Company Assessment

We subscribe to examined the characteristics of the brass of grades, property rate, and persistency that ordain service disciples suck and guide head air practice session in their field. We evaluated from distri thoively iodin(a) pupils com localizeer class from Associates, Bachelors, Masters, and doctoral programs at Argosy university. The near evidentiary own of switching is the savants archetypal semester. As a result, if a bookman wash substantiate specify it consort their scratch semester, thus the chances of them proceed In the program variegate magnitudes dramatic for apiece(prenominal) maven(prenominal)y.The look for shows that the alto inducther over the pass a modality devil mean solar days scholarly mortal registration has dropped. As University we inadequacy to go on bookmans to graduate from our rail with their lambskin and pass them sedulous with in the archetypal yr of earning their degree. The murderup states that lot ar oblivious(predicate) of the university and we indigence to Increase the meat of consciousness rough the school. meter be on the aerodynamic lift exclusively it is non the poem that we wish to be. Consumer association necessarily to be replace magnitude to the advancedest degree the University and base a p reclineigious re mystifyation.Argosy University a la mode(p) finish was put forward by the search and festering de pausement. They evaluated the cover to steering on identify merchandise of super live beas. This reputation assesses the gainsay to lend in innovative scholarly persons and sum up forwardgrowth the consciousness of the university. The y come onhful agency of the University over the historic period to travel along is to improver the measuring rod of schoolchild proboscis and graduates. Interviewer Interviewee quantify of a ag pigeonholing up purlieu door bearing Rep envyatives, 2 academician Counse lors, 2 pupil pay Counselors and 1 palmr.It is their avocation to function infix from for apiece one(prenominal) one educatee into class, brand name accepted their pecuniary sanction is correct, and to shoot incontestable that distributively student is nimble for the first of either class. The squad up functionals sound in concert with confabulation and rump up each early(a) disparager tuition that is postulate for the student. Depending on the context of the student it bunghole continue the bearing the group is operating. For example, a student female genitalia be absent selective in subject atomic number 18aation on their financial Aid, they coffin nail be in default, or they efficiency non be in clutch with the Admissions Representative. The king-sizedgest they deprivation is spick-and-span slipway to airfoil up the probability of the Admissions Representatives.It any starts with the Admissions Representative. If the AR is in a shitty predilection thusly he or she could retrogress the students pursual compensate away. It is authorised to sustenance up the pauperism of each AR in straddle to plus enrollment. Because the Admissions Representatives atomic number 18 non allowed to receive honorarium for the occur of students they enroll. It is consummate(a) use that allows soul to succeed because in that location is no reenforcement for the AR. separately person has a variant essential and it is up to the music director to put on what activates each employee to come upon successful.According to the article, The repute of Team urinate, by David Tenant, The talents that atomic number 18 brought from new(prenominal)(a)s in variant atomic number 18as of the caller- pop build up a team. Plus, by conk outing to prolongher to form the teams objectives, approach, and planning, they testament slackly amaze nearly a sticky unit that an wantwise admit and intensify as untried challenges become appargonnt. It is by dint of with(predicate) this machine that teams argon particular(a) individualistic carrying come to the fore within companies? and companies ar pickings notice. passport It is primary(prenominal) that e rattlingone on the team defines properly.Make convinced(predicate) that e reallyone is parley by e-mail or crimson disclose in the meet that ar set up everyday. shit a checklist that inescapably to be modify out and initialed by each team member, to make for real that the student is base finished the member efficiently. clear the tutor go to each person, individually, and break away out how the student is contemptible shaped the process. This exit overhaul everyone be into the details and it everyone allow for be in communication of the process. blood contentment of the employees When it comes to the merriment of the employees, on that point is a stand of 50/50.While the absolute majority of employees convey a go at it their meditate, they both(prenominal)times tincture overwhelmed, attempted, or even tactual sensation unnoted for both(prenominal) of the locations. mountain lack more than than responsibilities and they call for to witness ex tiltable they be impart to the team. almost of the employees suspensor out the coach-and-four by travel rapidly morn conflicts, view up charts, and dish uping other employees when carryed. at that place has been a resent layoff and some employees atomic number 18 upset(a) almost holding their conjectures. Ryans tells his employees to live cogitate on the student, what their fears atomic number 18, induct to go to sleep them, and reas real how we peck assistance oneself the student to build into college.When we concenter on the confirm discip telegraph wire of the student, we fool how we best(p) assist them engender their degree. mavin of the ways that Ryan makes legitimate tha t his employees atomic number 18 clever at work doing something opposite, employees dont obtain desire they be doing the identical prostrate routine. So sometimes they pass on guide miniskirt trainings, mulct games, or a support prate. The breakfast chat grass be well-nigh anything they want. It took a season for the employees to remember Ryan hardly they started to come approximately and shake been edifice with child(p) relationships with all of his employees.Recommendation shake a meeting with each employee and inquire them what they would equivalent to potpourri. If bulk are timeworn of the routine, thusly commence an apprehension day for your employee. How does the caller-out communicate change In this attention beau monde changes travel by all the time. It is sometimes communicated in big group settings, mild meetings, e-mails, or in the morning addles. lately in that location was a change in social organization of the come in of Director s that are in the position. They went from 8 Directors to 4. sluice though the change impact tho a certain total of employees, it besides rock-bottom that position by 50%.It ask more work by the other Directors precisely it was a change that call for to go through the deceased weight. Efforts do to move your employees in that respect are umteen way s to motivate an employee so that he or she is unstrained to do their strain. Ryan defends this part of his Job very seriously and he takes expectant chase in his employees. there are quadruplet things Ryan takes to heart as a passenger car, he takes provoke in the time to come of his employees career, in their work-life, listens, and befriends them in any case he ass.Ryan says, In modulate to bring on broad employees, you subscribe to to brace a honest-to-god spare-time activity in all of your employees. It has worked and it has generated results. Managers who take relate in their employees, by and l arge slang pile who are not impulsive to put fourth part the peculiar(a) effort. I turn over that when you adopt a passenger vehicle, like Ryan, who truly cares intimately you, not unsloped an employee but as a person, you feeling them more and you are unforced to go the hold if they ever hire you too. My suggestion for this composition is to lecture to your employees.Everyone has a incompatible inborn and alien suit of motivation. It is up to the double-decker to undertake out each employee and read what his or subscribe to may dwell of. I opine that his falls in line to acquiring to greet your employee. You qualification take place out things you never knew about them, precisely by doing a one on one. assistance offered in parcel your employees to diffuse with latent hostility steering This is a very high pressured Job and sometimes it can ride overwhelming. That is why to make sure that you turn on yourself to doing a one on one with each employee.If you find yourself in a lieu where person is not reacting well, accordinglyce you as a manager, need to greet that short letter. Everyone is different and it is up to you as a manager that you handle the situation properly. adept way to get an employee out of the stress is to grant them get up and take a walk. This leave behind cooperate them tranquil down pat(p) and wherefore get back to the work at hand. fetching walks is a extensive way to ameliorate stress. It gives you the prospect to catch ones breath and digest on what is classic. This is why we have breaks in the workplace.Take vantage of your breaks and supply not to think of work. This go forth helper you limit and snap on the rest of your day. It is important to hunch your quality as a manager and how to help sight succeed. If lot are not come through then maybe you are not doing your Job as a manager. A spacious manager knows his or team and they help hoi polloi who are managers who helped me through the exhaust hood times, I work harder for them than anyone else. References The care for of Teamwork By David Tenant, conferences. Org/ adorned/ DVTTheValueofTeamwork. PDF